No court ever made a determination whether Boland covered the NSC, and on the grounds that it was a prohibition rather than a criminal statute, no one was indicted for violating it. [58] Shortly thereafter, the five men were covertly returned to Tibet "to assess and organize the resistance" and selected another 300 Tibetans for training. [69], The original OSS mission in Vietnam under Major Archimedes Patti was to work with Ho Chi Minh in order to prepare his forces to assist the United States and their Allies in fighting the Japanese. PK giU p z extension.vsixmanifest ( UMo@ G E 6 @ HQ R B' e=+]w?H WT77%[I 0Cm'= Y*MKo 3fLpU DTymsfg Z 1 #"V5 *aWR . "Airstrikes Kill Dozens of Insurgents," Joby Warrick. [38] These findings are monitored by the oversight committees in both the U.S. Senate, called the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (SSCI) and the U.S. House of Representatives, called the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (HPSCI). Beginning in autumn of 2001, SAC/SOG paramilitary teams arrived in Afghanistan to hunt down al-Qaeda leaders, facilitate the entry of U.S. Army Special Forces, and lead the United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan against the ruling Taliban. The GRS has gained recognition recently due to the role they played in mounting a rescue operation of U.S. diplomats and staff during the Benghazi attack in 2012. Goes After al-Qaida Suspects in Somalia", "U.S. Stone, Captain Kathryn; Williams, Professor Anthony R. (Project Advisor). Troops closed in - the Washington Post", "Inside a 9/11 Mastermind's Interrogation", "FBI, CIA Debate Significance of Terror Suspect", "Bin al-Shibh to go to third country for questioning", "Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar: Afghan Top Taliban Captured, Talking To Authorities", "Bush Has Widened Authority of C.I.A. [150], On November 5, 2002, a missile launched from a CIA-controlled Predator drone killed al-Qaeda members traveling in a remote area in Yemen. [50][51] In addition to the eighteen months of training in the Clandestine Service Trainee (CST) program[52] required to become a clandestine intelligence officer, paramilitary operations officers are trained to a high level of proficiency in: While the World War II Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was technically a military agency under the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in practice, it was fairly autonomous and enjoyed direct access to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Donovan was a soldier and Medal of Honor recipient from World War I. Because these officers are taken from the most highly trained units in the U.S. military and then provided with extensive additional training to become CIA clandestine intelligence officers, many U.S. security experts assess them as the most elite of the U.S. special missions units.[48]. [7], SOG Paramilitary Operations Officers account for a majority of Distinguished Intelligence Cross and Intelligence Star recipients during conflicts or incidents that elicited CIA involvement. How a Plot Convulsed Iran in '53 (and in '79)", "The History Place Vietnam War 19451960", "US Army Combined Arms Center and Fort Leavenworth", "They were smokejumpers when the CIA sent them to Laos. [175][176] Reports from fellow paramilitary officers stated that the flash radio report sent was "five wounded and one martyred". President Karzai is said to be greatly indebted to this officer and was pleased when the officer was named chief of station again. Several SAC/SOG teams infiltrated into Tehran to support this operation. [186][187] The CIA Director authorized the continuation of these operations and on January 23, SAD/SOG performed killings of 20 individuals in northwestern Pakistan that were terrorists. According to interviews with several senior officials, this officer "was uniformly well-liked and admired. In a 2004 U.S. News & World Report article, "A firefight in the mountains," the author states: Viking Hammer would go down in the annals of Special Forces history a battle fought on foot, under sustained fire from an enemy lodged in the mountains, and with minimal artillery and air support. In the HALO technique, the parachutist opens his parachute at a low altitude after free-falling for a period of time to avoid detection by the enemy. [212] Per Pakistani Interior Minister Rehman Malik, several raids in Karachi in early February netted dozens of suspected Afghan militants. His mission was completely voluntary, but it required entry into a very hostile area without any support. He was responsible for their operations outside of the Afghanistan-Pakistan region and formed part of the senior leadership. [200] The New York Times said, "Although President Obama has distanced himself from many of the Bush administration's counter-terrorism policies, he has embraced and even expanded the C.I.A. Tactical units within SAC can also carry out covert political action while deployed in hostile and austere environments. War in Syria", "How Trump can withdraw US military forces, and salvage US interests in Syria", "ISIS leader al-Baghdadi believed to have been killed in a US military raid, sources say | CNN Politics", "ISIS leader killed in daring U.S. raid in Syria, Trump says", "Tip from disaffected militant set in motion operation that killed ISIS leader al-Baghdadi", "Isis Leader al Baghdadi Dead After US Special Forces Raid Hideout in Syria: Sources", "Trump says Islamic State leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi blew himself up as U.S. "Beyond 'the Mogadishu Line': Some Australian Lessons for Managing Intra-State Conflicts,", Harnden, Toby, "First Casualty: The Untold Story of the CIA Mission to Avenge 9/11. [70], CIA Paramilitary Operations Officers trained and led Hmong tribesmen in Laos and Vietnam, and the actions of these officers were not known for several years. [68] In the late 1960s, the CIA deployed teams of Paramilitary Operations Officers to Bolivia to train the Bolivian army in order to counter the ELN. [152], "It's an important step that has been taken in that it has eliminated another level of experienced leadership from al-Qaeda," said Vince Cannistraro, former head of counter-terrorism for the CIA and current ABC News consultant. Their study determined that the CIA should maintain this capability and be the "sole government agency conducting covert action." Amazon.com: CIA Licensed Decal Sticker 3x5 inches Laptop Decor (CIA NCS SAD SOG Special Operations Group Ghecko Firebase Kandahar Afghanistan) : Electronics It's believed he was killed sometime in 2009. to Kill Terrorists", CIA Had Plan To Assassinate Qaeda Leaders, "CIA Plan Envisioned Hit Teams Killing al Qaeda Leaders", "Obama's National-Security Picks Cross the Line Between Spy and Soldier Daily Intel", "Trump's CIA Has Set up Teams to Kill Terrorists", "Surprise, Kill, Vanish: The Secret History of CIA Paramilitary Armies, Operators, and Assa", "Surprise, Kill, Vanish with Fred Burton and Annie Jacobsen", "Remembering CIA's Heroes: Nels "Benny" Benson", Star Agents: The anonymous stars in the CIA's Book of Honor memorialize covert operatives lost in the field, Review of Hotel California: The Clandestine War inside Iraq, Killing Pablo: The Hunt for the World's Greatest Outlaw, Preparing the Battlefield: The Bush Administration steps up its secret moves against Iran, "Seven Pillars of Wisdom Triumph and Tragedy", Joint Functional Component Command for Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance, DEA Office of National Security Intelligence, Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, National Counterintelligence and Security Center, Cyber Threat Intelligence Integration Center, Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity, Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence, Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency, Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System, Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special_Activities_Center&oldid=1134257407, Non-military counterterrorist organizations, Paramilitary organizations based in the United States, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2022, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from April 2022, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 2016present (as Special Activities Center), the use and tactical employment of an unusually wide degree of modern weaponry, high performance / tactical driving (on and off-road), surreptitious entry operations (picking or otherwise bypassing locks). They had come from a wide variety of Middle Eastern and North African countries, including Yemen, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Tunisia, Morocco, and Iran. Navy SEALs then seized the body of Nabhan and took two other wounded fighters captive. This fight crossed borders between Iraq and Syria. Browse CIA Jobs Try analyst, targeting officer, engineer, or developer. Journalists Doubling as CIA Agents, Paper Says", "Worldwide Propaganda Network Built by the C.I.A. "Suspected US drone killed up to 10 in Pakistan", Haji Mujtaba, Reuters.com, September 8. The stunning victory of the horse soldiers 350 Special Forces soldiers, 100 C.I.A. [130][132] There have been basically three options described in the media: McChrystal's increased counterinsurgency campaign; a counter-terror campaign using special operations raids and drone strikes; and withdrawal. They were drip-feeding opposition groups just enough to survive but never enough to become dominant actors. All 10 suspects could. 3 in al Qaeda following the capture of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed in Pakistan;[281] and Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar, the number two Taliban commander and the highest level Taliban commander apprehended in the Afghan War. [271][272], In 1967, the SAD was involved with the CIA's domestic espionage operation Project MERRIMAC in conjunction with the Office of Security. Also enrolled to support CIA objectives were the Mujahideen-e-Khalq, known in the West as the M.E.K., and the Baluchis insurgents. In addition, CIA Paramilitary Officers were responsible for the Dalai Lama's clandestine escape to India along with Indian intelligence, narrowly escaping capture by the People's Liberation Army. [45][46] The CIA's formal designations for these individuals are paramilitary operations officers and specialized skills officers. They got stuck in Bangkok and so another crew Bevan, Eubanks, and Lewis flew that mission on August 13, 1961. One thing all of these options have in common is a requirement for greater CIA participation. Its Secret Intelligence division was responsible for espionage, while its Jedburgh teams, a joint U.S.-UK-French unit, were forerunners of groups that create guerrilla units, such as the U.S. Army Special Forces and the CIA. Neither al-Qaeda nor the U.S. has revealed the date of the attack that killed Libi. [85], In 1979, the U.S.-backed Anastasio Somoza Debayle dictatorship in Nicaragua fell to the socialist Sandinistas. Ground Branch is a part of the CIA's Special Activities Division, which also includes Air Branch and Maritime Branch. SOG operatives also account for the majority of the stars displayed on the Memorial Wall at CIA headquarters, indicating that the officer died while on active duty. [147], The Trump administration doubled down on the covert war in Afghanistan by increasing the number of paramilitary officers from SAD fighting alongside and leading the Afghan CTPT's, supported by Omega Teams from JSOC. These operations were covered in detail in the 1998 book Blind Man's Bluff: The Untold Story of American Submarine Espionage. Manager Sr. The next time Jones saw the magic cane, an hour later, Garrison had it in his hand. Jones, the only contractor with the CIA's paramilitary Global Response Staff (GRS) who has come out publicly as gay, said that what had him so terrified was a disturbing pattern of harassment he . Little is known about this U.S. covert action program, but some analysts believe that "the CIA's paramilitary wing, the Special Activities Division (SAD) [referring to SAC's previous name], has been allowed to pursue terrorist suspects in the Philippines on the basis that its actions will never be acknowledged. It resulted in the deaths of a substantial number of militants and the uncovering of a crude laboratory that had traces of poisons and information on chemical weapons at Sargat. [129] The station was located at the U.S. Embassy in Kabul and was led "by a veteran with an extensive background in paramilitary operations". [148] On October 21, 2016, two senior paramilitary officers, Brian Hoke and Nate Delemarre, were killed during a CTPT operation in Jalalabad, Afghanistan. CIA Licensed Decal Sticker 3x5 inches Laptop Decor (CIA NCS SAD SOG Special Operations Group Ghecko Firebase Kandahar Afghanistan #2) : Amazon.ca: Electronics Together, the SAC/SOG comprises a complete combined arms covert paramilitary force. [295], Sergeant Major (SgtMaj) Billy Waugh was a Special Forces soldier attached to the CIA in the 1960s. There is considerable controversy over claims that elements of the Pakistani government, particularly the ISI, may have been concealing the presence of Osama bin Laden in Pakistan. SAD is responsible for covert operations that fall within the CIA branch of the United States government. Southworth, Samuel A.; Tanner, Stephen. He advocated for covert actions to be fully incorporated in the U.S. National Security Strategy and the 2018 National Defense Strategy in the form of a Covert Action Annex and for covert actions to be fully funded to operate in support of overall objectives in the form of a Covert Action Fund.[41]. If this battle had not been as successful as it was, there would have been a considerable hostile force in the rear of the U.S./secular Kurdish force in the subsequent assault on the Iraqi Army to the south. The Political Action Group is responsible for covert activities related to political influence, psychological operations, economic warfare, and cyberwarfare. "Secret U.S. Unit Trains Commandos in Pakistan," Eric Schmit and Jane Perlez. Paramilitary operations officers require a bachelor's degree to be considered for employment. Invasion of Afghanistan. [75], On May 22, 2016, the CIA honored three paramilitary officers with stars on the memorial wall 56 years after their deaths. Freedman was killed while conducting special reconnaissance in advance of the entry of U.S. military forces. 1 guy in Pakistan," adds Mahmood Shah, a retired Pakistani Army brigadier and a former chief of the Federally Administered Tribal Area, or FATA, Mehsud's base. [282] Prior to the beginning of the "War on Terror", SAC/SOG located and captured many notable militants and international criminals, including Abimael Guzmn and Carlos the Jackal. [269][270] The complex operation was conducted during the withdrawal of U.S. forces from northeast Syria, adding to the complexity. The number of strikes in 2009 exceeded the 2008 total, according to data compiled by the Long War Journal, which tracks strikes in Pakistan. After the Arab Spring movements overthrew the rulers of Tunisia and Egypt, its neighbors to the west and east respectively, Libya had a major revolt beginning in February 2011. It provides information and guidance on adding safety specific management . The U.S. Central Intelligence Agency 's Mission Center for Counterterrorism (often referred to as the Counterterrorism Mission Center or CTMC, formerly the Counterterrorism Center, or simply CTC) was established in 1986, and is a division of the CIA's Directorate of Operations. Espionage and counterintelligence went into military units, while paramilitary and other covert action functions went into the Office of Policy Coordination set up in 1948. [citation needed] Meanwhile, Ayman al-Zawahiri, the deputy to al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden, issued a message calling for all Muslims to go to Somalia. Many have advanced degrees such as master's degrees or law degrees. Panetta canceled the initiative and reported its existence to Congress and the President. Colby, William; Peter Forbath (1978) (extract concerning Gladio stay-behind operations in Scandinavia). Mullah Baradar was interrogated by CIA and ISI officers for several days before news of his capture was released. "[243] Any significant effort against Iran by the Obama Administration would likely come directly from SAC. Launched after midnight local time, the eight helicopters carrying the teams along with support aircraft crossed hundreds of miles of airspace controlled by Iraq, Turkey and Russia. [39], The Pentagon commissioned a study to determine whether the CIA or the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) should conduct covert action paramilitary operations. They did this by killing or capturing many of the key al-Qaeda leaders in Iraq. It honors CIA employees who died in the line of duty. "Without a doubt he was Al Qaeda's No. It uses a harness and a self-inflating balloon that carries an attached lift line. [171][172] In a CBS 60 Minutes interview, Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Bob Woodward described a new special operations capability that allowed for this success. The operation eventually included around 600 soldiers from the 1st Brigade of the 4th Infantry Division. in Iran A special report. According to the Los Angeles Times, DCIA Panetta "has not ruled out reviving the program. The mission of training and leading guerrillas in due course went to the United States Army Special Forces, but those missions required to remain covert were performed by the (Deputy) Directorate of Plans and its successor the Directorate of Operations of the CIA. TOF provides comprehensive family resiliency programs, financial support for the families of paramilitary officers killed in action, and it works behind the scenes to "quietly help those who quietly serve. The DoD found that it does not have the legal authority to conduct covert action or the operational agility to carry out these types of missions. [118], In September 2009, the CIA planned on "deploying teams of spies, analysts and paramilitary operatives to Afghanistan, part of a broad intelligence 'surge' ordered by President Obama. [93], President Bill Clinton withdrew U.S. forces on May 4, 1994. "When they told me that, I teared up," Oehlerich recalled. They also train their personnel at "The Point" (Harvey Point), a facility outside of Hertford, North Carolina. A fifth, Mark Rausenberger, later became a paramilitary officer; he died on CIA duty in the Philippines in 2016. In December, the Islamic Courts warned Ethiopia they would declare war if Ethiopia did not remove all its troops from Somalia. Al-Somali was engaged in plotting terrorist acts around the world and "given his central role, this probably included plotting attacks against the United States and Europe". The CIA sponsored a variety of activities during the Korean War. The OSS was responsible for training German and Austrian commandos for missions inside Nazi Germany. In a 2008 New York Times book review of Horse Soldiers, a book by Doug Stanton about the invasion of Afghanistan, Bruce Barcott wrote: The valor exhibited by Afghan and American soldiers, fighting to free Afghanistan from a horribly cruel regime, will inspire even the most jaded reader. These teams planned several operations but did not receive the order to execute from President Bill Clinton because the available intelligence did not guarantee a successful outcome weighed against the extraordinary risk to the SAD/SOG teams that would execute the mission. [215], From July to December 2010, predator strikes killed 535 suspected militants in the FATA to include Sheikh Fateh Al Misri, Al-Qaeda's new third in command on September 25. [202][203], The CIA is also increasing its campaign using Predator missile strikes on al-Qaeda in Pakistan. They came back in caskets", "The Powers of Congress and the President in International Relations: Revisited", "NewsHour Extra: U.S. Waugh also led the last combat special reconnaissance parachute insertion into enemy territory occupied by communist North Vietnamese Army (NVA) troops on June 22, 1971. "[300], Unit of the American Central Intelligence Agency, Maritime activities against the Soviet Union. These were just two of the over 50 caught by SAC/SOG just between 1983 and 1995. a Little Bird helicopter dropped out of the sky, and a sniper leaned out and fired three shots into the car's engine block. The Special Activities Division (SAD) is a division in the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) responsible for covert operations known as "special activities". [299] Inside this book are stars, arranged by year of death, and the names of 91 employees who died in CIA service alongside them. Some of Reagan's national security officials used non-appropriated money of the National Security Council (NSC) to circumvent the Amendment. [13] As fully trained intelligence case officers, paramilitary operations officers possess all the clandestine skills to collect human intelligence and most importantly to recruit assets from among the indigenous troops receiving their training. [240], In November 1979, a group of Islamist students and militants took over the American embassy in support of the Iranian Revolution. [158] Imam al-Awlaki was killed on September 30, 2011, by an air attack carried out by the Joint Special Operations Command. Affairs) Secretary of National Defense Secretary of Public Safety Head Secretary Management Specialist Operations Manager HQ Manager III HQ Manager II HQ Manager I Manager Jr. He ranked second to Mullah Muhammad Omar, the Taliban's founder and was known to be a close associate of Osama bin Laden. U.S. officials had made it clear that no U.S. troops would be "on the ground", making the use of covert paramilitary operatives the only alternative. [146] There are plans being considered to have several U.S. Military special operations elements assigned to CIA after the withdrawal. This Safety Report compares the requirements of IAEA Safety Standards Series No. Other functions of the OSS included the use of propaganda, espionage, subversion, and post-war planning. Shipped with USPS Priority Mail Small Flat Rate Box. "[200] The biggest loss may be to "Osama bin Laden's al-Qa'ida." Attack Kills 8 In Border Area: Helicopters Raid Farm In Syrian Village; Al Qaeda Officer Was Target Of Rare Cross-Border attack", "U.S. Official: Unclear If Al Qaeda Coordinator Killed in Syria Raid", "Officials Say U.S. In addition, the SAD Chief provided reports of findings to the SRS. [285] Per senior intelligence officers, this program was an attempt to avoid the civilian casualties that can occur during Predator drone strikes using Hellfire missiles. [250] During the early phases of the Libyan offensive of U.S.-led air strikes, paramilitary operatives assisted in the recovery of a U.S. Air Force pilot who had crashed due to mechanical problems. [211] "The seizure of the Afghan Taliban's top military leader in Pakistan represents a turning point in the U.S.-led war against the militants", U.S. officials and analysts said. [297] There are 137 stars carved into the marble wall,[298][299] each one representing an officer. They also provided a model, along with the other CIA-sponsored ground-based, paramilitary Korean operations, for the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam-Studies and Observations Group (MACV-SOG) activities conducted by the U.S. military and the CIA/SOD (now Special Activities Center) in Vietnam. April 7, 2003. "[154][155] Harithi was on the run, pursued by several security forces who were looking for him and Muhammad Hamdi al-Ahdal, another suspect in the USS Cole bombing case. [66][67] The ELN was well equipped and scored a number of early successes against the Bolivian army in the difficult terrain of the mountainous Camiri region. This joint team combined in Operation Viking Hammer to defeat Ansar al-Islam, an Islamist group allied to al-Qaeda, which several battle-hardened fighters from Afghanistan had joined after the fall of the Taliban, in a battle for control over the northeast of Iraq a battle that turned out being one of the "most intense battles of Special Forces since Vietnam. [139][140] These units grew to include over 3,000 operatives by 2010 and have been involved in sustained heavy fighting against the enemy. [133][134] The officer had extensive experience in war zones, including two previous tours in Afghanistan with one as the Chief of Station, as well as tours in the Balkans, Baghdad and Yemen. Several North Vietnamese officials have made statements about the effectiveness of Phoenix. This is usually confined to the civilian/political heads of the respective Department/Agency. Publications. [13] These individuals can operate in any environment (sea, air or ground) with limited to no support. [232][233][234] Bin Laden's death has been labeled a "game changer" and a fatal blow to Al-Qaeda, by senior U.S. A senior U.S. counter-terrorism said U.S. intelligence agencies are "80 to 85 percent" certain that Saad bin Laden is dead. officials. In addition, mechanisms for forming and developing opinions involve the covert use of propaganda. [274], In the War on Terror, SAC has the lead in the covert war being waged against al Qaeda. Agency officers had strict instructions not to participate in interrogations of prisoners, and to avoid the area where prisoners were held. Within SAC there are two separate groups: SAC/SOG (Special Operations Group) for tactical paramilitary operations and SAC/PAG (Political Action Group) for covert political action. Five other people, believed to be low-level al-Qaeda members, were also killed including an American named Kamal Derwish. The combination of SAC and USSOCOM units has resulted in some of the more prominent actions of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, including the locating and killing of Osama bin Laden. [264] SAC stood up and ran a robust covert action program to overthrown the Assad regime. Already experienced in operations in Syria, the CIA has numerous paramilitary officers who have the skills to operate independently in harm's way. The VC also imposed quotas. [198] On July 22, 2009, National Public Radio reported that U.S. officials believe Saad bin Laden, a son of Osama bin Laden, was killed by a CIA strike in Pakistan. ", "Testimony of Michael G. Vickers on SOCOM's Mission and Roles to the House Armed Services Committee's Subcommittee on Terrorism, Unconventional Threats, and Capabilities", "Osama bin Laden killed in CIA operation", "CIA, Pentagon reject recommendation on paramilitary operations", "The most elite special operations forces in the US", "Ground Branch: The CIA's covert alternative to special operations", "CIA Special Activities Division (SAD) / Special Operations Group", "A Funeral of 2 Friends: C.I.A. Well-trained Korean guerrillas carried out these operations. [217], On May 1, 2011, President Barack Obama announced that Osama bin Laden had been killed earlier that day in Abbottabad, Pakistan by "a small team of Americans" acting under his direct orders during a CIA operation under Director Leon Panetta. The agency's National Clandestine Service is still managed by government employees (known as "blue badgers"), she writes, but more than 50 percent of the operation is made up of contractors ("green. 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Was named chief of station again by the C.I.A operations in Scandinavia.... While deployed in hostile and austere environments sole government agency conducting covert action program to overthrown the regime! On Terror, SAC has the lead in the line of duty with USPS Priority Mail Small Rate... And developing opinions involve the covert War being waged against Al Qaeda from World I. His mission was completely voluntary, but it required entry into a very hostile area without any support training... Support CIA objectives were the Mujahideen-e-Khalq, known in the 1998 book Blind 's! Cia sponsored a variety of activities during the Korean War while conducting Special reconnaissance in advance of OSS... U.S. Stone, Captain Kathryn ; Williams, Professor Anthony R. ( Project Advisor.... Mark Rausenberger, later became a paramilitary officer ; he died on CIA duty the... Courts warned Ethiopia they would declare War if Ethiopia did not remove all its troops from Somalia,... Harvey Point ), a facility outside of the national security officials used money. Recipient from World War I Point ), a facility outside of OSS... To interviews with several senior officials, this officer and was pleased the!