american music in the early 1900s

Similarly, many Hispanic musicians began to use elements of jazz in their own compositions. Hawaiian music (especially slack-key guitar) enjoyed an early vogue in the 1910s, influencing the developing genre of country music (this is the source of the steel guitar sound that is characteristic of modern country). 1922), Hale Smith (b. The decade of the 1840s saw a marked shift in American music. By mid-century, music had become a commodity. The broader forces of the market revolution had thoroughly altered American music. Whole new sections were added, and Henderson created music of greater range and texture. The result is that today American pop music is a rich blend of many different styles, including jazz, rock, country, R&B, and hip hop. Popular music in the United States has been influenced by Native American music for centuries. Not only did he compose such jazz standards as "Take the A Train," but, like George Gershwin and Irving Berlin, he composed countless show tunes, scores, andin later yearsorchestral numbers and symphonies. it was originated from blues and ragtime music that was popular in the late 1800's. As a way of putting his or her own "signature" on a song, a blues singer will at certain points use vocal scoops, swoops, and slurs, imitate sounds of the accompanying instrument (usually a guitar), or add percussive elements to the rendition. Given the undying curiosity and controversy that follows the star, like no other perhaps, the King of Pop personified both the opportunities and the fracturing psychological demands of being a superstar of color in the United States in the late twentieth century. Bebop set the standard for every style that followed: cool jazz with its modal sounddeveloped by Lester Young and popularized by the trumpeter Miles Davis (1926-1991), also a bebop musicianas well as the experimental and introspective transformations of the alto saxophonist John Coltrane (1926-1967). The song was a regional hit that paved the way for Cleoma's brother, Amde Breaux's "Jolie Blonde", now often considered the Cajun national anthem. WebJacqueline Cogdell Djedje, African American Music to 1900, in The Cambridge History of American Music, 10334. Ragtime also evolved out of two other musical styles: the "coon song" and the "cakewalk. By 1890, people had phonographs and were buying wax cylinders to listen to at home. Based on Mississippi River boat 2017. The term was originally used by record companies to describe music being marketed toward urban African Americans, at a time when "urbane, rocking, jazz based music with a heavy, insistent beat" was becoming growing popularity. Music was an immensely popular form of entertainment in America in the first decade of the century, though not in the same way it is today. 1930), and Sonny Rollins (b. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. By the 1940s, Dixieland revival musicians like Jimmy McPartland, Eddie Condon and Bud Freeman had become well-known and established their own unique style. "Western" musical genre spreads through western states, features steel guitars and large bands; singing cowboys. Herbert Ingraham. Jead Goldkette and Ben Pollack were also early influential African American swing musicians, and were followed by yet more dance-oriented swing bands led by Jimmie Lunceford, Earl Hines, Don Redman, Count Basie, Glen Gray, Dorsey Brothers, Bob Crosby, Luis Russell, Andy Kirk, Glenn Miller, and Benny Carter. New York: Viking Press, 1942. "The History of African American Music In the early 1900s, Native American music was introduced to the mainstream American public through movies and radio. Reggae is a late twentieth-century black musical phenomenon that draws deeply from Afro-Jamaican religious, dance, and musical practices while, James Blood Ulmer Local crews have become regional posses: the West Coast rap style of Ice T, Ice Cube, and Snoop Doggy Dog has battled for ascendancy over the original East Coast style of Run D.M.C., KRS-One, and Gang Starr. Jazz music began in the early 1900s. (Shared Google Document.). The mobile CD and mini-disk players made a brief appearance after the tape Walkman. New York:W.W.Norton, 1971. The phenomenon became officially known as "Sinatramania" after his "legendary opening" at the Paramount Theatre in New York on December 30, 1942. 2017. Slaveholders, however, eventually discovered that African slaves were using drums to communicate among themselves and by the 1700s, drums had been banned on many plantations. The influence of Native American music can be heard in a wide range of popular songs. Separated Jazz Playing From Blues Preaching, Rainey, Ma In 1917, the Original Dixieland Jazz Band released "Livery Stable Blues", which is often said to be the first jazz recording. Bessie Smith, perhaps the most famous of the classic blues singers, epitomized the form's emotional power, while Ma Rainey's singing captured its racy, theatrical side. In looking at the blues and its history, a similar pattern of using mistakes and artistic limitations to create something with a unique and new sound can be found. After the 1950s, many other African American classical musicians came to the concert stage: the singers Robert McFerrin (b. "The novelist Ralph Ellison wrote about his admiration for Louis Armstrong, who had taken the trumpet, what was essentially a military instrument, and then played it in a different way. 1931), Clifford Brown (1930-1956), Donald Byrd (b. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. New York: William Morrow, 1967. While, of course, Motown and other trends created a range of artists who were successful pop entertainers in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s (including, of course, the Jackson 5), the so-called "King of Pop" for many represented a new kind of African American pop music star. "The History of African American Music Thus, while black musicians always seem to be creating something new, their work remains firmly rooted in the long tradition of African American music. In 1463, the Songhay established one of the three great medieval West African empires. Black Music in America. Cajun culture was denigrated and restricted, and old-time music and western swing became major influences on Cajun music. Early practitioners such as Robert Johnson (1911-1938), widely regarded as the father of what we know as "classical blues" today, relied on the immediacy of a powerful vocal performance with a striking rhythmic counterpoint created as much by the body as by the strings of the guitar, to captivate his audiences. By the 1940s, though a revival of traditional Cajun music had begun, led by Iry LeJeune, whose 1948 "La valse du pont d'amour" is considered a watershed in the field. Ragtime was born in the African-American communities of St. Louis in the 1890s. The early 20th century was a time of divergent paths in classical music. 02 Mar. N.p., 15 Feb. 2016. A "country" style, in which a solo singer accompanied himself on an acoustic guitar, also developed. These elements have been absorbed into many popular American musical styles, resulting in a rich tapestry of sound that reflects the diversity of the countrys musical heritage. This process was hastened by the forced relocation of Indigenous people to reservations in the 19th century, as well as by the rise of popular media such as radio and television. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. B. While earlier artists were notoriously undercompensated for their work, Jackson became one of the richest entertainers in the history of music entertainment. In the Shadow of the Pines. The 1920s saw trumpet and cornet leaders like Louis Armstrong and Joe "King" Oliver, playing with the trumpet proclaiming the melody and harmonies and countermelodies coming from the clarinet or trombone. Pomp and Circumstance 1902 (by Elgar)6. Most of the people playing jazz, blues or ragtime were African Americans. The California Ramblers recording of When Youre Counting The Stars Alone was also part of the October 22, 1929 shipment to dealers that ended up being the final shipment of records by Thomas Edisons record company. Indigenous North Americans were surprised to discover Spanish, French and British explorers on their shores in the 1500s and from the outset some were taught, believe it or not, to sing the Catholic Mass in Latin. Jazz was more urban than the blues. In the 1950s and 1960s, Chicago blues became part of the foundation on which contemporary American popular music was built. This was when electronic instruments began to be a part of the music scene. The Native American Church, founded early in the 20th century, was a center of development for Native American gospel and Peyote song, a fusion of gospel and traditional music revolving around ceremonies in which hallucinogenic peyote is taken as a sacrament. Early rappers worked with disc jockeys to heighten an audience's excitement. New York: Free Press, 1994. Today, the influence of Native American music can still be heard in many popular songs, although it is often used more subtlety than in the past. Various forms of rock, pop, soul, The decades that followed saw hybrids of jazz and numerous other musical traditions, as well as further investigations into the nature of "classical jazz.". Various forms of rock, pop, soul, jazz and house music peaked in between. Migration not only changes social order, it also breeds new forms of culture. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The strains, which are often sixteen bars in length, are highly syncopated and alternate with the main theme throughout the piece. 16. More than ever before, women rappers are challenging male rappers' sexist lyrics and using rap lyrics to define an independent black female identity. It is safe to say that American pop music would not be what it is today without the influence of Native American music. Armstrong soon moved to Chicago, worked with Fletcher Henderson, Bessie Smith and Clarence Williams and eventually began working as a band leader in 1925, his work setting the stage for the development of swing and the jazz variations to come after. The songwriter W. C. Handy (1873-1958) popularized the blues when he published his "Memphis Blues" in 1912 and the "St. Louis Blues" in 1914. By the 1940s, a rich and thriving national blues culture embraced both rural and urban blacks. Wikipedia.) Through this time a new musical entertainment could be found in theaters and in Broadway. The first Africans transported to this country came from a variety of ethnic groups with a long history of distinct and cultivated musical traditions. In the 20th century, it became more common for popular musicians to explicitly incorporate elements of Native American music into their work, often using it as a way to add a touch of exotic flavor. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. What type of music was popular in the 1900s? Beginning in 1871, the Fisk Jubilee Singers toured the United States and Europe performing Negro spirituals for white audiences. A Bird in a Gilded Cage Harry Macdonough. There is something inherently dissonant about perceptions of blackness in the artistic community before the Civil Rights Movement of the 50s, 60s and 70s. . This would be known as the "unofficial" start of the Swing Era. 1925), and Olly Wilson (b. Armstrong bent the throat of the instrument upward, creating a new sound, then used that as a point of departure for an entirely new mode of expression. Swing was a pop-oriented form of jazz, the origins of which can be found as far back as 1923, when Fletcher Henderson began enlarging jazz bands. New York: William Morrow, 1963. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. African-American Years: Chronologies of American History and Experience. Motown and the Arrival of Black Music. The first recordings of the genre were by the Original Dixieland Jass Band from 1917. The classical and serious music styles of the nineteenth century are less common today. The Second Great Migration from the Mississippi Delta to Chicago in the 1940s produced a new blues form, known as Chicago blues, native to the industrial city. Circa 1920. 1923), Julian "Cannonball" Adderly (1928-1975), Jackie McLean (b. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Trinidadian calypso, Argentinian tango and Dominican merengue and other styles influenced American popular music. Danny Boy 1913 4. Neither black versions of white hymns nor transformations of songs from Africa, spirituals were a distinctly African American response to American conditions. During the 1920s, both blues and jazz were distinctive American music forms. Bobby McFerrin's (b. While the European musical tradition emphasizes performing patterned music written by others, the African musical tradition incorporates improvisation, the nuanced and explosive language of immediate "call" and "response," or "participation," as a basis for great modes of human expression. A little more than a century later, Hip Hop/Rap dominated the charts. While some claim that pow wow had been an integral part of black cultures for over 10 centuries, some modern analysts believe that pow wows were invented to appeal to tourists and had only a tangential relationship to genuine Native American traditions, which generally revolved around ceremonial dance music like the Ghost Dance, Zuni Shalako, Navajo Yeibichai and the Sun Dance of the Plains. Web. New York:Horizon Press, 1965. 1958). Please discuss this issue on the article's, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, "Music history of the United States"19001940, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Charlie Poole & the North Carolina Ramblers, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Music_history_of_the_United_States_(19001940)&oldid=1061702599, Articles lacking sources from December 2009, Wikipedia introduction cleanup from October 2021, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from October 2021, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 23 December 2021, at 10:40. The blues began in rural communities, primarily in the south. The early days: Native Among the best-known country blues singers were Charlie Jackson, Blind Lemon Jefferson, Robert Johnson (?-1938), Blind Boy Fuller (1908-1941), Gus Cannon, and Huddie Led-better ("Leadbelly") (1885-1949), who also performed a variety of nonblues folk music. it was originated from blues and ragtime music that was popular in the late 1800's. 2 How did people listen to music prior to 1900s? ("1920's Music". ContentsIntroductionThe History of Middle Eastern MusicEarly forms of Middle Eastern musicThe influence of IslamThe spread of Middle Eastern musicThe Evolution of Middle Eastern MusicThe influence of Western musicThe influence of popular cultureThe influence of technologyConclusion Middle Eastern music has undergone a fascinating evolution over the years. "1920s Music." We know only that it began in the South during slavery and, in the years following slavery, spread throughout the region as early As Romanticism reached its cultural and tonal peak, the turn of the century with its Industrial Revolutions and its ideological transformations heralded a new era of musical experimentation. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. The People History -- Steve Pearson. Over time, as different cultures and traditions mix together in the melting pot of America, the influence of Native American music has continued to be heard in popular songs. In the early twentieth century, blues and jazz musicians provided entertainment and dance music for much of America. 02 Mar. Luderin Darbone's The Hackleberry Ramblers and Harry Choates were the vanguard of this new wave of Cajun music, which incorporated English lyrics and a smooth style. From the early slave fiddlers to the black minstrel troupes and beyond, African Americans have always been involved in America's popular music. Courlander, Harold. ABOVE: One of the most popular and most controversial musical artists of the twentieth century, Michael Jackson sold millions of records and led an occasionally bizarre personal life that was the subject of much speculation.AP/WIDE WORLD PHOTOS. In the 1860s African Americans had evolved spirituals and 'ragged music' into blues, ragtime, and jazz. Chicago blues was part of the distinctive culturecountry-rooted but flowering in the citymade possible by the black migration. "Some of the songs on this album will make you laugh while others will evoke bittersweet memories. Reflecting both the hardships and triumphs black Americans have experienced in the United States, their music has also served to shape the national identity, profoundly influencing the lives of all Americans. One of the most pervasive holdovers from African music was an emphasis on rhythm and the use of complex polyrhythms still found in African music. Retrieved January 16, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/history-african-american-music. bluesmen wandered from place to place. Jazz great Louis Armstrong grew up in a New Orleans neighborhood with a large population of Mardi Gras Indians, while country music legend Hank Williams was influenced by the Cherokee rhythms he heard in his youth. Some, like "Follow the Drinking Gourd,""Steal Away," and "Wade in the Water," contained coded instructions for escape to the North. What is meant by the competitive environment? WebMusic from the early 1900's (1900-1920) - YouTube 0:00 / 8:35 Music from the early 1900's (1900-1920) CelineElla123 888 subscribers Subscribe Save 440K views 9 years The white audiences first saw the dances preformed at vaudeville shows, and later they were preformed by exhibition dancers at the clubs. At the same time, Public Enemy sold millions of records to the teenagers and angry middle-class white suburban youths that they were, in a sense, working against. Among the earliest ensembles were the Original Dixieland Jazz Band and King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band. the banjo, was one of the African instruments that continued to be built and played in America. WebThe most famous singer of the early "Classic Blues" style Edward MacDowell He was the first American art-music composer to use Native-American materials and imagery in a symphonic work. The trumpeter and singer Louis Armstrong (1900-1971) became the first jazz musician to achieve national and international recognition with the success of his "West End Blues" in the 1920s. How did people listen to music prior to 1900s? Waiting At The End of the Road comes from the 1929 King Vidor film Hallalujah. In the early 1900s, a new kind of music called jazz began to develop in the American South. Read More 2001 Pop Music: The Best of the YearContinue, ContentsIntroductionWhat is Pop Music?The Best Pop Songs of 2012The Worst Pop Songs of 2012Conclusion What were the top pop songs of 2012? The earliest known examples of Native American music date back thousands of years. Web1827 First popular American song hit: "The Minstrel's Return from the War," by John Hill Hewitt, called "Father of the American Ballad." Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America. This album presents some classic early American folk songs which all deal in some way with nature and its "Simple Gifts." Web. Web1900 Jazz music began in the early 1900's. Soloists appeared during this period, inspiring hysterical reactions among fans. Bristol, a city on the Virginia and Tennessee border, was the site of a two-week recording session in 1927 that led to the discovery of the two biggest names in hillbilly music: The Carters and Jimmie Rodgers. Guitarist, flutist, singer During the Great Depression era of the 1930s, America experienced a folk revival. Amd Ardoin, a black man, soon became the most popular Cajun star, however. 02 Mar. Dance: At the end of the 19th century, many Americans were becoming bored with the old music and dances, which were essentially those of their grandparents. In the 1860s African Americans had evolved spirituals and 'ragged music' into blues, ragtime, and jazz. Stewart, James. "Timeline: Blues, Ragtime and Jazz." By the 1940s, brother duets, in which two brothers sang harmony with precision and clarity, had become popular and was known as close harmony. The Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame Museum. Singers Gertrude "Ma" Rainey, Bessie Smith popularize blues; Beale Street in Memphis becomes blues center. Joe and Cloma Falcon made the first recording, "Allons Lafayette", in 1928. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. This song was believed to have been The genre is mainly performed by African Americans. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Danny Boy 19134. But the story of American music soon includes British influence, and along with the This was when electronic instruments began to be a part of the music scene. Music history of the United States (19001940), Please help by adding a lead section that introduces the topic and concisely summarizes the body. Wikipedia. George Botsford. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Hunter (1895-1984), and Ethel Waters (1900-1979). Web15. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Some moves were the shimmy, turkey trot, buzzard lope, chicken scratch, monkey glide, and the bunny hug. Bluesmen like Magic Sam, Eddie Floyd, and Ike Turner (later to be eclipsed in fame and musical influence by his ex-wife Tina Turner) helped to create styles that in the 1960s became Motown, rhythm and blues, soul, and funk. Blues became popular in the 1860s and portrayed depression, and were sang acappela (without instruments) Ragtime is a genre of music in which it is sung in a lively manner. Black Music. Black Popular Culture: A Project by Michele Wallace. The political content of rap music took a leap forward when the rap group Public Enemy burst onto the music scene in the late 1980s, forging lyrics and performances that made staged high-art entertainment out of the alienation of African Americans and the history of militancy. In the 1930s, local blues styles developed in Memphis, New Orleans, the mid-Atlantic coast, Texas, Kansas City and, most importantly, Chicago. WebEarly 1900s: The 100 Most Popular Songs 1. Traditional Pop refers to post-big band and pre-rock & roll pop music. 1925). Eastern European Jews contributed klezmer music to American culture, with the earliest stars including Harry Kandel, Naftule Brandwein, Dave Tarras and Abe Schwartz. A lot of American music has been influenced by Native American music. 1932), Hank Mobley (b. The sound of today's gospel music also has a long history in African American music, having been influenced by everything from the ensemble performances of the jubilee singers during the late 1800s and early 1900s to the predominantly male gospel quartets and choirs of the 1930s and 1940s. Just Because She Made Dem Goo-Goo Eyes Dan W. Historical popularity is based on worldwide vinyl and CD records release frequencies for specific genre adjusted to recent years music charts. 1938) and James Cleveland (c. 1931-1991) won fame among gospel enthusiasts for their inspirational and creative solos before choirs. What are the most popular music genres in the 1900s? went by the name "Georgia Tom" Dorsey) (1899-1993) had established a religious music whose sound became known as gospel. Rublowsky, John. The spirituals also served as critiques of slavery, using biblical metaphors to protest the enslavement of black people. : University of California Press, 1980. African-American Years: Chronologies of American History and Experience. Ellington composed startling, nuanced pieces woven out of American music, exhibiting complete command of a palette of sources from Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Danny Boy 1913 4. 1925. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Ceremonial dances are performed on special occasions such as births, funerals, and harvest celebrations. The Books of American Negro Spirituals. 1928), the saxophonists Dexter Gordon (b. In the early 1900s, many American country musicians learned Mexican folk songs and incorporated them into their own repertoire. it was originated from blues and ragtime music that was popular in the late 1800s. There is something inherently dissonant about perceptions of blackness in the artistic community before the Civil Rights Movement of the 50s, 60s and 70s. These two songs created an unprecedented vogue for the blues, and their popularity, and the success of those who sang them, carried the blues all over the world. This music was influenced by the sounds of Mexican and Spanish folk songs and dances. Chicago blues offered a tight, "industrial" sound, a hard-edged and hard-driving ensemble sound especially suited to telling musical stories of a country people's adjustment to the industrial city. Encyclopedia.com. The Rhythm and Blues Hall of Fame Museum. The unique histories of musical expression on the European and the African continents play a part in this distinction. Ragtime became the first nationally popular form of American music in 1899, when Scott Joplin's (1868-1917) "Maple Leaf Rag" enjoyed unprecedented success, selling over a million sheet-music copies. America the Beautiful 1910 3. The cakewalk was a stately ring dance performed by blacks during and after The blues is perhaps the simplest American musical form and yet also the most versatile. The standard ragtime piece consists of several different musical ideas, or strains, held together by a main opening theme. Traditional pop drew from a repertoire of songs written by professional songwriters and were performed by a vocalist that was supported by either an orchestra or a small band. In traditional pop, the song is the key -- although the singer is the focal point, this style of singing doesn't rely on vocal improvisations like jazz singing does. The rise of rhythm and blues in the 1950s was directly influenced by early gospel music and urban blues, particularly a style of music popularized by Louis Jordan (1908-1979) called "jump blues. Rap: The Lyrics to Rap's Greatest Hits. "In 1955, although a white group tried to prevent her from performing, Anderson became the first African American to sing at the Metropolitan Opera. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Slave fiddlers often provided dance music for the southern white gentry, and the sound we recognize today as country fiddling is partially the product of the slave fiddler. In the 1930s, oil was discovered in Louisiana and Anglos came to the state en masse. Historical popularity is based on worldwide vinyl and CD records release frequencies for specific genre adjusted to recent years music How do you calculate working capital for a construction company? Jubilee quartets like the Norfolk Jubilee Quartet and the Golden Gate Quartet were popular and sophisticated, but the most successful form of gospel was singing preachers like Reverend J. M. Gates, who passionately sung about the terrible consequences of disobeying God's laws. Jazz, blues, folk, country, and gospel, music from the Caribbean region also briefly became popular during the first half of the twentieth century. 1920's Music played in the 20's Bands groups singers from The People History Site. Music listening was less limited. WebTrinidadian calypso, Argentinian tango and Dominican merengue and other styles influenced American popular music. African American slaves on southern plantations cultivated their own musical styles, which later evolved into gospel, blues, and what is now known as bluegrass and country music. A style of piano-playing based on the blues, boogie-woogie was briefly popular among mainstream audiences and blues listeners. Im a Yankee Doodle Dandy 1904 (by George M Cohen) 2. One of the most widespread of early musical forms among southern blacks was the spiritual. the neck of the guitar as the reason for developing his signature method of bending the strings. King Oliver included a young cornetist named Louis Armstrong on his records as the second cornet. Friedwald, Will. New York: Viking Press, 1981. "However, when he tried to play it, he found he was unable, and so he evolved his own "trilling" method of creating and sustaining vibrato, which in turn became a part of his signature sound and a part of the blues tradition. Native American music has been a powerful force in the development of American pop music, influencing everything from the early folk and blues traditions to the creation of rock and roll. "Timeline of the Popularization of American Folk Music" Thought.Co. Keil, Charles. From the traditional belly dancing tunes to more modern, Read More From Belly Dancing to Pop Music: How Middle Eastern Music Has EvolvedContinue, ContentsIntroThe Anthem by Good CharlotteSugar, Were Goin Down by Fall Out BoyThe Middle by Jimmy Eat WorldFat Lip by Sum 41All the Small Things by Blink-182A Thousand Miles by Vanessa CarltonThe Kids Arent Alright by The OffspringBasket Case by Green DayMisery Business by Paramore These are the best pop punk music videos you need to, Read More Pop Punk Music Videos You Need to SeeContinue, ContentsWho is Pop Evil?A brief historyWhy theyre uniqueWhat Pop Evil sounds likeA description of their soundA comparison to other artistsWhy you should listen to Pop EvilTheir live performancesTheir albumsTheir songwriting If youre looking for a new music artist to add to your playlist, look no further than Pop Evil. is almond skin dangerous, new faces 1974 contestants, History and Experience births, funerals, and copy the text for your bibliography `` some of 1840s! 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